Specialties

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. It includes conditions such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both of which lead to breathing difficulties and reduced oxygen exchange. COPD is primarily caused by long-term exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dust. Common symptoms include chronic cough, excessive mucus production, shortness of breath, and frequent respiratory infections. The disease worsens over time, making daily activities increasingly difficult. Although there is no cure for COPD, early diagnosis, lifestyle changes (especially quitting smoking), pulmonary rehabilitation, and proper medication can significantly slow disease progression and improve quality of life.

• Main Cause: Long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, especially smoking.
• Symptoms: Persistent cough, breathlessness, wheezing, and chest tightness.
• Disease Progression: Gradually worsens over time and can lead to respiratory failure if untreated.
• Management: Inhalers (bronchodilators, corticosteroids), oxygen therapy, and pulmonary rehab.
• Preventive Measures: Avoid smoking, reduce exposure to pollutants, and stay vaccinated (e.g., flu, pneumonia).