Specialties

Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD) refer to a diverse group of more than 200 chronic lung conditions that cause inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) of the interstitium — the tissue surrounding the air sacs in the lungs. This scarring leads to stiffening of the lungs, making it difficult for oxygen to pass into the bloodstream and resulting in progressive breathlessness, especially during exertion. Causes of ILD include autoimmune diseases (like rheumatoid arthritis), long-term exposure to hazardous substances (such as asbestos, silica, or mold), certain medications, radiation therapy, and in many cases, the cause remains idiopathic (unknown), such as in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Early diagnosis and management are crucial to slowing disease progression and improving quality of life.

• Symptoms: Gradual onset of dry cough, fatigue, and worsening shortness of breath.
• Common Types: Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Sarcoidosis.
• Causes: Autoimmune diseases, occupational exposures, drugs, infections, or unknown (idiopathic).
• Diagnosis: High-resolution CT (HRCT) scan, lung biopsy, pulmonary function tests.